I
Hydrology & Hydraulic
When the dispute centers on water.
Hydrology studies model the geographic watershed — the area from which rainfall is collected and channeled toward the property at risk. Subbasins are modeled with land characteristics that affect runoff; a design storm (typically the 100-year storm) is modeled to calculate water flow at risk points.
Hydraulic studies — using LIDAR-surveyed terrain and engineering fluid-mechanics equations — establish the extent, depth, and velocity of flooding at any point within the surveyed area. Critical for both causation and risk assessment.


